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字源zìyuánEtymology & Structure
字源洞见 zìyuán dòngjiàn · Etymological Insight
票 stacks two meaning parts: 覀 sits on top and 示 shì (altar; sign) sits beneath. The 示 element is the same ritual altar that anchors 神 shén (spirit), 祭 jì (to sacrifice), and 福 fú (blessing), a stone table where offerings are made to the dead and the gods. The 覀 on top stands for flames. The original picture is fire rising over an altar: an offering going up in smoke. The Shuōwén reads the seal form as 火飞 huǒ fēi, fire flying upward, the bright sparks that lift off a burning thing.
The concrete scene behind the character is the Chinese custom of burning paper offerings for the dead. Mock money, 纸钱 zhǐqián (spirit money) and joss paper printed to look like banknotes, is set alight at a grave or a household altar so the smoke carries wealth across to the ancestors. 票 began here, in the lightness and flight of things rising in flame, and the earliest sense was light, swift, fluttering. A scrap of burning paper lifts and darts on the heat.
From that fluttering slip of paper the modern senses branch out, and they cohere around one object: a small, light piece of paper that stands for value. The spirit money burned for the dead became, by extension, any paper slip that carries worth or grants a right. A banknote is a slip of paper standing for money (钞票 chāopiào). A ticket is a slip of paper standing for admission or a seat (车票 chēpiào, 门票 ménpiào). A receipt is a slip standing for a completed payment (发票 fāpiào). A ballot is a slip standing for a choice (选票 xuǎnpiào). Every one of them is a piece of paper that represents something larger than itself, the same way the burned offering stood in for real gold.
The falling fourth tone piào is the everyday reading for note, ticket, and vote. The character also carries a rare reading piāo in the literary compound 票姚 piāoyáo (nimble; valiant), preserving the old fluttering, swift sense from the flames. In daily Mandarin you will only meet piào, and you can let the smoke of the altar stand quietly behind every ticket and banknote.
构词gòucíThe Slips of 票 at a Glance
语义脉络 yǔyì màiluò · One object (a slip of paper), four kinds of worth入 (admission) 车票 chēpiào, a travel ticket; 门票 ménpiào, an entrance ticket; 机票 jīpiào, a plane ticket; 票房 piàofáng, box office 钱 (money) 钞票 chāopiào, a banknote; 发票 fāpiào, an official receipt; 支票 zhīpiào, a cheque; 邮票 yóupiào, a postage stamp 选 (choice) 投票 tóupiào, to cast a vote; 选票 xuǎnpiào, a ballot; 票数 piàoshù, the number of votes; 一票 yí piào, a single vote 量 (measure) 一张票 yì zhāng piào, one ticket; 一票否决 yí piào fǒujué, a single veto vote
Each branch is the same thing in the hand: a small printed slip that stands for a seat, a sum, or a choice. The paper is light; what it represents is not.
车票chēpiàoTickets & Passes
车票chēpiàotravel ticket: a ticket for a bus, train, or coach
N 名词 míngcí
车 chē (vehicle; car; train) + 票 piào (slip; ticket). A ticket for ground transport: a bus ticket, a train ticket, a coach ticket. The slip that proves you have paid your fare and may board. By the same pattern, 机票 jīpiào is a plane ticket and 船票 chuánpiào is a boat ticket.
量词 liàngcí · Measure Word
Tickets are counted with 张 zhāng (the measure word for flat, sheet-like things): 一张票 (one ticket), 三张电影票 (three movie tickets). The flatness of 张 fits the slip of paper exactly.
门票ménpiàoentrance ticket: an admission ticket; the entry fee
N 名词 míngcí
门 mén (door; gate; entrance) + 票 piào (slip; ticket). The ticket that admits you through the gate: into a park, a museum, a temple, a concert. By extension it also names the price of admission, what you pay at the door.
这个公园的门票是免费的。
Zhège gōngyuán de ménpiào shì miǎnfèi de.
Admission to this park is free.
博物馆的门票要二十块钱。
Bówùguǎn de ménpiào yào èrshí kuài qián.
The museum's entrance ticket costs twenty yuan.
辨析 biànxī · 门票 vs 车票
门票 admits you through a gate into a place (a park, a show). 车票 lets you board a vehicle that takes you somewhere. One buys you in; the other buys you a ride.
电影票diànyǐngpiàomovie ticket: a ticket for a film screening
N 名词 míngcí
电影 diànyǐng (film; movie) + 票 piào (ticket). A cinema ticket. The 票 here pulls double duty: it admits you to the hall and assigns you a seat. The takings a film earns at the box office are its 票房 piàofáng, literally the ticket room, the modern measure of a movie's success.
我在手机上买了电影票。
Wǒ zài shǒujī shàng mǎi le diànyǐngpiào.
I bought the movie tickets on my phone.
这部电影的票房很高。
Zhè bù diànyǐng de piàofáng hěn gāo.
This film's box office takings are very high.
发票fāpiàoNotes & Receipts
发票fāpiàoofficial receipt: an invoice; a tax receipt
N 名词 míngcí
发 fā (to issue; to send out) + 票 piào (slip; note). The official, tax-registered receipt a seller issues for a purchase. In China the 发票 is a regulated document used for reimbursement and tax, very different from a plain shop receipt (小票 xiǎopiào). Asking 要发票吗?(Do you need an invoice?) is a routine question at any checkout.
请给我开一张发票。
Qǐng gěi wǒ kāi yì zhāng fāpiào.
Please issue me an invoice.
公司报销需要发票。
Gōngsī bàoxiāo xūyào fāpiào.
The company needs an official receipt for reimbursement.
搭配 dāpèi · Collocation
The verb for issuing a 发票 is 开 kāi (to write out; to make out): 开发票 (to make out an invoice). The same 开 is used for writing out cheques and prescriptions, anything filled in on an official slip.
钞票chāopiàobanknote: paper money; cash
N 名词 míngcí
钞 chāo (paper money) + 票 piào (slip; note). A banknote, paper currency, cash in hand. This compound shows 票 at its purest: a printed slip of paper that stands for money. Closely related is 支票 zhīpiào (a cheque), where 支 zhī (to pay out) marks the slip as an instrument of payment.
邮票yóupiàopostage stamp: a stamp for mailing letters
N 名词 míngcí
邮 yóu (post; mail) + 票 piào (slip). A postage stamp: a tiny printed slip stuck to an envelope that stands for prepaid postage. It is 票 in miniature, a small piece of paper carrying a fixed value, and a favorite object of collectors (集邮 jíyóu, stamp collecting).
投 tóu (to throw; to cast; to drop in) + 票 piào (slip; ballot). To vote, literally to throw a slip into the box. The image is exact: a ballot is a slip of paper, and casting it is dropping it into the urn. 投票 is a separable verb-object compound, so you can say 投了一票 (cast one vote) or 投他的票 (vote for him).
明天我们要投票选班长。
Míngtiān wǒmen yào tóupiào xuǎn bānzhǎng.
Tomorrow we are going to vote to choose the class monitor.
语法 yǔfǎ · Separable Verb
投票 splits like 见面 and 帮忙: the count or target slots in between. 投一票 (cast one vote), 投反对票 (cast a vote against), 给他投票 / 投他的票 (vote for him).
选票xuǎnpiàoballot: a ballot paper; a vote (as a counted unit)
N 名词 míngcí
选 xuǎn (to choose; to elect) + 票 piào (slip; ballot). The physical ballot paper you mark and cast, and by extension a vote as a unit to be counted. The tally of votes is 票数 piàoshù, and to win is to gather the most 选票. Here 票 is the slip that carries a single person's choice.
他得到了最多的选票。
Tā dédào le zuìduō de xuǎnpiào.
He received the most votes.
请把选票投进箱子里。
Qǐng bǎ xuǎnpiào tóu jìn xiāngzi lǐ.
Please drop the ballot into the box.
辨析 biànxī · 选票 vs 投票
选票 is the thing, the ballot paper or a counted vote. 投票 is the act, the casting of it. You 投票 (perform the voting) by dropping a 选票 (the ballot) into the box.
成语chéngyǔIdioms & Set Phrases
一票否决yí piào fǒu juéa single vote vetoes it: one negative vote overrides the rest; absolute veto power一票 yí piào = a single vote. 否决 fǒujué = to vote down; to veto. A decision rule in which one opposing vote is enough to block a proposal outright, the power a permanent member holds on the UN Security Council. In wider use it describes any single factor that can disqualify everything else: 安全问题在工厂里是一票否决的。(In the factory, a safety problem is an automatic disqualifier.) Modern, common in committee and policy talk.
投桃报李tóu táo bào lǐthrow a peach, return a plum: to repay a kindness in kind; mutual gift-givingThis idiom shares the verb 投 tóu (to throw; to give) that drives 投票, though it does not contain 票 itself, so it sits here as a near neighbor on the 投 thread rather than a 票 idiom. 投桃报李 comes from the Shījīng (Book of Songs): you toss me a peach, I send back a plum. It captures the etiquette of reciprocal generosity. The genuine 票 idiom in daily speech is 一票否决 above; classical set phrases built on 票 are rare, because the character's everyday senses (note, ticket, ballot) are largely modern.
绑票勒索bǎng piào lè suǒto kidnap and extort: to seize a hostage and demand ransom绑 bǎng = to tie up; to bind. 票 piào = here, a kidnapped person held for ransom (the slang 肉票 ròupiào, a human "ticket" to be cashed in). 勒索 lèsuǒ = to extort; to blackmail. A four-character description, not a classical chéngyǔ, but a fixed legal and news expression for kidnapping for ransom. It preserves a vivid underworld extension of 票: the captive treated as a slip to be exchanged for money. 警方破获了一起绑票勒索案。(The police cracked a kidnapping-for-ransom case.)
记忆法 jìyìfǎ · Master Retention Image
Stand at a grave on the Qingming festival and watch a sheet of joss paper catch fire on a stone altar. The flames (覀 across the top) leap and the burning slip lifts off the altar (示 underneath), fluttering upward as smoke, carrying spirit money to the ancestors. That is 票, fire over an altar, a slip of paper rising in flame. Fix the picture and the whole character holds: a light printed slip that stands for something worth far more than the paper.
From that burning offering, follow the slip into the everyday world. It lands at a station turnstile as a 车票 (train ticket), at a museum gate as a 门票 (entrance ticket), in your wallet as a 钞票 (banknote), at the checkout as a 发票 (official receipt), and in the ballot box as a 选票 (a vote you 投, you throw in). Each is the same object the ancestors received: a piece of paper that represents a seat, a sum, or a choice. The smoke of the offering still drifts behind every ticket you tear and every ballot you cast.
When 票 appears in a new word, ask what the slip stands for. A way in (车票, 门票)? An amount of money (钞票, 发票, 邮票)? A choice to be counted (投票, 选票)? The answer is always some version of the first image: light paper carrying heavy value, lifted off the altar two and a half thousand years ago and still in your hand today.
相关xiāngguānRelated
Related entries — pages and vocabulary in the neighbourhood of this one
车chēvehicle; car; train门méndoor; gate; entrance投tóuto throw; to cast; to drop in选xuǎnto choose; to elect; to select券quànvoucher; coupon; certificate张zhāngsheet (measure word); to open钱qiánmoney; cash; coin买mǎito buy; to purchase开kāito open; to make out (a slip)示shìaltar; to show; to indicate检jiǎnto check; to inspect (tickets)