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字源zìyuánEtymology & Structure
字源洞见 zìyuán dòngjiàn · Etymological Insight
富 = 宀 + 畐. The roof 宀 (mián) sits on top as the semantic element, the same sheltering cover that roofs 家 (jiā, home) and 安 (ān, peace). Beneath it stands 畐 (fú), a full-bellied wine jar swollen at the middle, which gives both the sound and a clear hint at the meaning: fullness. A brimming vessel kept safe indoors is the oldest image of wealth, grain and wine stored against the lean season.
The Shuōwén Jiězì glosses 富 as 備也, "to be complete, fully provisioned," and adds 厚也, "thick, ample." The seal-script form keeps the roof arched over the bulging jar, the wide waist of 畐 drawn to show a container packed to capacity. Wealth here means stockpile, a household whose shelves are loaded.
From that concrete granary the sense widened. A full storehouse means a rich family (富有), and the same fullness applied to anything that comes in great quantity gives 丰富, abundant or rich in variety. The character can also turn active, 富国 meaning to enrich the state, the verb folding back into the original picture of filling a vessel.
Japanese keeps the glyph as 富 (fu, tomi), seen in 富士山 Fujisan and the word 富裕 (fuyū) for affluence, the same roof-over-jar shape carrying the same idea of plenty across the sea.
财富cáifùHaving Wealth
富有fùyǒuwealthy; rich in
Adj 形容词 xíngróngcí
富 (rich) plus 有 (to have). Literally "rich and possessing." Describes a person with great wealth, and figuratively something abundantly endowed with a quality, as in 富有经验 (rich in experience).
辨析 biànxī · 富有 vs. 有钱有钱 (yǒuqián) is plain and conversational, "has money." 富有 is more formal and can extend to abstract riches like experience or imagination.
财富cáifùwealth; riches
N 名词 míngcí
财 (money, property) plus 富 (riches). The accumulated stock of wealth itself, the noun for what a rich person holds. Often paired abstractly, as in 精神财富 (spiritual wealth).
健康是最宝贵的财富。
Jiànkāng shì zuì bǎoguì de cáifù.
Health is the most precious wealth.
他通过努力积累了大量财富。
Tā tōngguò nǔlì jīlěile dàliàng cáifù.
He accumulated great wealth through hard work.
富人fùrénrich person; the wealthy
N 名词 míngcí
富 (rich) plus 人 (person). A wealthy individual, and collectively the rich as a class, set against 穷人 (qióngrén), the poor.
When 富 leaves the bank account it describes plenty of any kind. Paired with 丰 (fēng, lush, ample), it becomes 丰富, the everyday word for a rich variety of things: a varied menu, a full life, a deep store of knowledge. The same jar that once held wine now holds whatever the sentence stocks it with.
丰 (lush, plentiful) plus 富 (abundant). As an adjective, rich in variety or quantity. As a verb, to enrich or broaden, as in 丰富知识 (to broaden one's knowledge).
Gǎigé kāifàng hòu, hěn duō nóngcūn biàn de fùyù qǐlái.
After the reform and opening up, many villages grew prosperous.
他们过着富裕的生活。
Tāmen guòzhe fùyù de shēnghuó.
They live a comfortable, well-off life.
致富zhìfùto get rich; to make a fortune
V 动词 dòngcí
致 (to bring about, to arrive at) plus 富 (wealth). To become wealthy, especially through one's own effort. 勤劳致富 (qínláo zhìfù), getting rich through diligence, is a stock phrase.
他靠种植水果致富了。
Tā kào zhòngzhí shuǐguǒ zhìfù le.
He got rich by growing fruit.
富强fùqiángprosperous and strong (of a nation)
Adj 形容词 xíngróngcí
富 (rich) plus 强 (strong). A wealthy and powerful state, a phrase reaching back to the warring-states ideal of 富国强兵, a rich country and a strong army.
The people hope the nation will be flourishing, prosperous, and strong.
成语chéngyǔIdioms & Set Phrases
荣华富贵róng huá fù guìglory and splendor, wealth and rank: a life of luxury and high stationFour near-synonyms stacked for weight. Often used wistfully or critically, the worldly prize that classical heroes are urged to see through.
富甲一方fù jiǎ yī fāngwealthiest in the whole region: the richest man around甲 here means "to rank first." Said of a local magnate whose fortune tops everyone in the district. Admiring, slightly old-fashioned register.
富可敌国fù kě dí guówealth that can rival a state: fabulously rich敌 means "to match." A private fortune so vast it equals a kingdom's treasury, applied to tycoons past and present.
富丽堂皇fù lì táng huángrich, beautiful, grand and imposing: sumptuous and magnificentDescribes a palace, mansion, or banquet hall dazzling with luxury. Common in travel writing and architecture description today.
记忆法 jìyìfǎ · Master Retention Image
Picture a low country house at dusk. Push the wooden door and the air is sweet and heavy: under the broad sloping roof 宀 stands a single fat-bellied wine jar 畐, glazed and round at the waist, filled to the lip and stoppered with cloth. Beside it the shelves bow under sacks of grain. The roof keeps the rain off, the jar keeps the plenty in. That sheltered, brimming jar is 富, wealth as a full vessel kept safe.
The top stroke is always the roof, the same 宀 that covers 家 and 安. Whatever the character spends its meaning on, the storehouse is the source. Pour money into the jar and you get 财富 and 富有. Pour variety in and the jar overflows with 丰富 dishes and 丰富 experience. Let a whole village fill its jars and you get 富裕; let a nation fill its granaries and arm its soldiers and you get 富强, rich and strong.
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